On Unix-like operating systems, the uniq command reports or filters out repeated lines in a file.

This page covers the GNU/Linux version of uniq.

Description

uniq filters out adjacent, matching lines from input file INPUT, writing the filtered data to output file OUTPUT. A matching line is “adjacent” if it’s immediately before or after another matching line.

  • Description
  • Syntax
  • Notes
  • Examples
  • Related commands
  • Linux commands help

For example, consider a file fruits.txt with the following lines of text:

apple apple apple pear apple pear pear

If you run uniq on these lines of text, every line that matches an adjacent line is omitted:

uniq fruits.txt

apple pear apple pear

Syntax

uniq [OPTION]… [INPUT [OUTPUT]]

Options

Notes

If INPUT is not specified, uniq reads from the standard input.

1 This is a line. 2 This is a line.

If OUTPUT is not specified, uniq writes to the standard output.

If no options are specified, matching lines are merged to the first occurrence.

uniq does not detect repeated lines unless they are adjacent. If you want to omit ALL occurrences of identical lines, sort the input first, or use sort -u instead of uniq.

Examples

In the following examples, we have a text file, myfruit.txt, with five lines of text:

I have an apple. I have an apple. I also have two pears. I have an apple. I have three fruits total.

Here are several ways to run uniq on this file to omit repeated lines.

If adjacent lines are identical, display the line once

uniq myfruit.txt

I have an apple. I also have two pears. I have an apple. I have three fruits total.

Same as above, but prefix each line with the number of times repeated

uniq -c myfruit.txt

2 I have an apple.
1 I also have two pears.
1 I have an apple.
1 I have three fruits total.

Show only duplicates (adjacent identical lines)

uniq -d myfruit.txt

I have an apple.

Show only unique lines (with no adjacent identical lines)

uniq -u myfruit.txt

I also have two pears. I have an apple. I have three fruits total.

Sort the lines alphabetically

The sort command sorts the lines of text alphabetically.

sort myfruit.txt

I also have two pears. I have an apple. I have an apple. I have an apple. I have three fruits total.

Now all identical lines are adjacent.

Show unique lines only once

The output of sort can be piped to uniq. Because the input is sorted, all identical lines will be adjacent. As a result, all identical lines in the file are displayed only once.

sort myfruit.txt | uniq

The same result can be accomplished by running sort -u.

sort -u myfruit.txt

comm — Compare two sorted files line by line.pack — Compress files using a Huffman algorithm.pcat — Print the uncompressed contents of a compressed file.sort — Sort the lines in a text file.uncompress — Extract files from compressed archives.